CHROMATOGRAPHY TECHNIQUE

Chromatography is a collective set of laboratory technique for the separation of mixtures. In chromatography the sample is dissolved in mobile phase (gas, liquid, or supercritical fluid. Phase is chosen according to the component of the sample having different solubility in different phase to generate differences in the mobility as a result the components get separated as they pass by the stationary phase. This technique is analytical as well as preparative too. The main aim of the preparative chromatography is to separate the component from the mixture for its future application and its purification. And analytical chromatography is usually done with the smaller amount of the sample and measuring the proportion of the analytes in the sample. Previously these techniques were used to separate component on the base of their colours as for herbal pigment. With the passing time and increase in its application its demand is also extended. In today’s world chromatography is accepted as a very sensitive case and an effective tool for the separation method. This technique is the most efficacious for the separation and determination of the sample component. It is a multi-residue technique for the determination of pesticides in vegetables and fruits. Column chromatography technique is used for the protein purification method based on the characteristic features of the proteins and this technique is also used to control the purity of the protein. HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) technique has the superior feature that include its higher sensitivity, its use as quantitative method, rapid turnover rate, and ability to purify amino acids hydrocarbons, nucleic acids, carbohydrates, drugs, steroids and antibiotic. Chromatography is applied in broad field which cannot be replaced by other techniques and is predicted to be the master tool of analytical field in the future. This technique is extending in other field and increasing its scope and application globally.